2016 GMD to PGK Historical Review

YEARLY HIGH

0.0778 PGK

YEARLY LOW

0.0720 PGK

YEARLY AVERAGE

0.0746 PGK

2016 GMD to PGK Performance & Market Timing Review

Analysis of key historical highlights and timing insights for 2016

During 2016, the GMD to PGK exchange rate experienced significant fluctuation. The market reached its absolute peak on February 29, valuing the pair at 0.0778. Conversely, the yearly low was recorded on March 29, dropping to 0.0720.

This high-to-low spread represents a total annual volatility of 0.0058 PGK. From a start-to-finish perspective, comparing the January average rate of 0.0763 to the December average rate of 0.0741, the exchange rate registered a net change of -2.88% (reflecting a weakening trend).

Looking at year-over-year peak valuations, the 2016 high of 0.0778 was up 1.61% compared to the 2015 peak of 0.0765, indicating shifts in long-term support levels.

Transfer Payout Power Comparison

Comparing the value generated converting 5,000 GMD based on timing:

Yearly Peak High 389 PGK

2015 Average 337 PGK

Yearly Trough Low 360 PGK

Transaction Impact: A difference of 28.77 PGK purely based on transaction execution date.

Trend Visualization

Monthly average fluctuations over the course of 2016.

0.0774

0.0728

JanuMarcMayJulySeptNove

GMD to PGK Seasonal Trends & Volatility Analysis

A structured review of seasonal halves, trading extremes, consecutive streaks, and historical baselines.

Seasonal Halves (H1 vs H2)

Seasonal

The average exchange rate in the first half of the year (H1: Jan–Jun) was 0.0750, compared to 0.0742 in the second half (H2: Jul–Dec). This shows that the rate was stronger in the first half (Jan–Jun) by a margin of 0.0007 points.

H1 Avg (Jan–Jun) 0.0750

H2 Avg (Jul–Dec) 0.0742

Volatility Range Comparison

Volatility

The most volatile month in 2016 was March, with a trading range of 0.0057 PGK (High: 0.0777 / Low: 0.0720). On the other end, October was the most stable month, with a tight range of 0.0009 PGK (High: 0.0748 / Low: 0.0740).

March Spread (Volatile) ±0.0057

October Spread (Stable) ±0.0009

Growth Streaks & Declines

Trends

Between April and September, the exchange rate recorded its longest consecutive growth streak of the year, climbing for 5 straight months. Conversely, the sharpest month-over-month decline occurred between March and April, when the average rate fell by 0.0023 points.

Longest Streak 5 Mo.

Sharpest MoM Drop -0.0023

Same-Month Historical Baseline

YoY Baseline

Comparing the current year's strongest month average (February 2016: 0.0770) against the same month in 2015 (average: 0.0611), the exchange rate shifted by +0.0159 (+26.07%).

2016 Avg (February) 0.0770

2015 Avg (February) 0.0611

Monthly Breakdown

Statistical summary for each calendar month.

Month	High	Low	Average
January	0.0770	0.0759	0.0763
February	0.0778	0.0765	0.0770
March	0.0777	0.0720	0.0755
April	0.0740	0.0722	0.0732
May	0.0743	0.0728	0.0739
June	0.0748	0.0729	0.0740
July	0.0747	0.0735	0.0741
August	0.0747	0.0738	0.0742
September	0.0750	0.0739	0.0744
October	0.0748	0.0740	0.0743
November	0.0748	0.0735	0.0743
December	0.0750	0.0731	0.0741